First female SOS, Dr. Hemingway, and Soul Institute: MySaline’s Daily History October 5th

See the archive of MySaline’s Daily History issues at www.mysaline.com/history.

Saline County, Arkansas

There are no entries for Saline County today, so go out there and do something great!

Meanwhile, see below for history from Arkansas, United States and the World.

Arkansas

1904 — Nancy Pearl Johnson Hall was born in Prescott. Hall later became the first woman elected to a constitutional office in Arkansas. After her husband, Secretary of State C. G. “Crip” Hall, died in 1961, Governor Orval Faubus appointed her to complete his term. She subsequently won election as state treasurer, serving from 1963 to 1981.

1922 — Wilson Edwin Hemingway died in Battle Creek, Michigan. Hemingway had been a prominent Little Rock physician and was the namesake of the historic Hemingway House in Little Rock. He was buried at Mount Holly Cemetery, and his home remains an important example of late-19th-century Little Rock architecture.

1955 — Robert Raymond Brown was consecrated Bishop Coadjutor of Arkansas at Trinity Cathedral in Little Rock. He succeeded to become the ninth Bishop of Arkansas the following year and later became involved in the Little Rock Central High School desegregation crisis. His 1958 book, Bigger Than Little Rock, described his views on the role of churches and social justice.

1970 — Black residents of Earle established the Soul Institute following a federal court order requiring the desegregation of the city’s schools. The informal school was created as a response to continuing racial tensions and operated in the offices of the Crittenden County Improvement Association. Among its teachers was Jackie Greer, a prominent participant in the local civil-rights movement.

United States

1877 — Chief Joseph and the remaining Nez Perce surrender at Bear Paw. After a five-day battle and siege in Montana Territory, Chief Joseph and his people ceased fighting on October 5. The surrender came after the Nez Perce had traveled more than 1,000 miles while trying to reach Canada. Chief Joseph’s surrender speech became one of the most remembered statements associated with the conflict.

1892 — The Dalton Gang’s attempted double bank robbery in Coffeyville, Kansas, ends in a shootout. The gang attempted to rob two banks simultaneously, but townspeople and lawmen confronted the outlaws. Four of the five Dalton Gang members involved were killed, while Emmett Dalton survived and was captured. Arkansas-born outlaw Bill Doolin had been associated with the gang but did not participate in the Coffeyville robbery.

1947 — President Harry Truman delivers the first televised address from the White House. Speaking at 10:50 p.m., Truman asked Americans to conserve food so more grain could be sent to Europeans still suffering from shortages after World War II. The broadcast marked an important early step in the relationship between television and the presidency.

1953 — Earl Warren is sworn in as Chief Justice of the United States. President Dwight D. Eisenhower had nominated the California governor and former Supreme Court associate justice to lead the Court. Warren would preside over the Court during landmark decisions involving civil rights, including Brown v. Board of Education and subsequent cases involving desegregation and individual rights.

1958 — A bombing damages Clinton High School in Tennessee, where students were participating in a federally ordered desegregation program. The bombing was part of the violent backlash against school desegregation in the South. Clinton had become the first public high school in Tennessee to integrate.

1984 — Space Shuttle Challenger launches on the STS-41G mission. The seven-person crew included astronauts Sally Ride and Kathryn Sullivan. It was the first spaceflight to include two women, and Sullivan would perform the first spacewalk by an American woman during the mission.

2011 — Apple co-founder Steve Jobs died at age 56. Jobs helped transform personal computing, digital music and mobile technology through products including the Macintosh, iPod, iPhone and iPad. His death came only weeks after he stepped down as Apple’s chief executive.

World

1910 — Portugal becomes a republic. After a revolution overthrew the Portuguese monarchy, José Relvas proclaimed the Portuguese Republic from the balcony of Lisbon’s municipal government building on October 5. King Manuel II fled the country, ending more than 700 years of Portuguese monarchy.

1962 — The Beatles release their first single, “Love Me Do.” Parlophone released the song in the United Kingdom on October 5, backed by “P.S. I Love You.” The record initially reached only No. 17 in Britain, but it marked the beginning of the recording career of a band that would soon become a worldwide cultural phenomenon.

1962 — Dr. No, the first James Bond movie, premieres in London. Sean Connery made his debut as 007 in the film, which introduced audiences to the cinematic version of Ian Fleming’s British secret agent. The film’s world premiere took place at the London Pavilion on October 5.

1988 — Brazil adopts a new democratic constitution. The Brazilian Constitution was promulgated on October 5 after the country had spent more than two decades under military rule. The document expanded civil and social rights and became the foundation of Brazil’s democratic system.

2004 — SpaceShipOne wins the $10 million Ansari X Prize. On October 4, SpaceShipOne completed the second of its two required flights; the achievement was formally recognized with the prize on October 5. The privately developed spacecraft became the first privately funded crewed vehicle to reach space twice within the required period, helping launch the modern era of commercial human spaceflight.

See the archive of MySaline’s Daily History issues at www.mysaline.com/history.